In recognition of the increased tempo of economic life, the Phoenix Chamber of Commerce was organized on Nov. That same year, the city offices were moved into the new City Hall, built where the downtown bus terminal now stands. This building also provided temporary offices for the territorial government when they were moved to Phoenix from Prescott in The location of Arizona's Capitol had been moved several times since It was first established at Navajo Springs, then Prescott, then Tucson after an attempt to move it to La Paz failed, then back to Prescott, and finally to Phoenix.
Twenty years had passed since Phoenix, like its legendary namesake, had risen from the ashes of a bygone community. The s showed further indications of the heights to which this city would some day soar.
The Arizona Republic became a daily paper in , with Ed Gill as its editor. In those days, none of the great reservoirs north of the Valley had been created to control the flow of water to the Valley. The year was marked by the greatest flood in the Valley's history, as well as by the advent of the first telephone system in Phoenix.
The horse-drawn streetcars were replaced in by electric cars. The electric cars stayed on the streets until the automobile replaced them on Feb. It connected Phoenix with the northern part of Arizona and gave travelers another outlet to the east and west via the Santa Fe.
The additional railroad speeded the capitol city's rise to economic supremacy in the state. That same year, , the Phoenix Union High School was established, and 90 young people were enrolled.
In , an organization of 14 women called the Friday Club, started the public library movement in Phoenix. Their efforts led to formation of the Phoenix Library Association in The Phoenix City Council, however, levied a 5-mill tax for its public library a few months after the Legislature passed a bill allowing a tax to be applied to the support of free libraries. This action satisfied the conditions set by Mr. Andrew Carnegie in his proposal to donate a library building to the city.
The Carnegie Free Library was opened on Feb. By the turn of the century, the population of Phoenix had reached 5, More social outlets were being promoted, such as the Phoenix Country Club and the Women's Club, which were organized in The state Capitol finally got a permanent home when a acre lot was donated at the west end of Washington Street. Murphy dedicated this building on Feb. The newspaper reports of this event were set in type by members of the first labor union in Arizona, The Phoenix Typographical Union , which came into existence on Feb.
In , President Theodore Roosevelt signed the National Reclamation Act making it possible to build dams on western streams for reclamation purposes, an important event for the people of Phoenix and the Valley.
Valley residents were quick to supplement this federal action by organizing the Salt River Valley Waters Users' Association on February 4, , to assure proper management of the precious water supply.
This organization still functions as the major agency for controlled use of irrigation water in the Valley. Theodore Roosevelt Dam was started in It was the first multiple-purpose dam, supplying both water and electric power, to be constructed under the National Reclamation Act.
On May 18, , the former President himself dedicated the dam, which was the largest masonry dam in the world. This opened a new era in farming for the Valley and secured the part of our economy that depended on water for its life. On March 18 of the same year, Gov. George Hunt called the first State Legislature into session. This was an auspicious step in the state's history, and in the following year, the City of Phoenix took an equally important one.
At a special election on October 11, , the people of Phoenix, by a vote of nearly two to one, ratified a new charter. The charter gave Phoenix the council-manager form of government. Thus, Phoenix became one of the first cities in the nation to adopt this progressive form of government. Phoenix has the type of charter which gives home rule to a city, but it is not home rule in the complete sense of the word.
Courts have ruled that if the Legislature passes a law which concerns cities and towns, the court determines if the law is of state-wide interest or of municipal or local concern. If the law is of state-wide interest, it is binding on the City of Phoenix, even though it contravenes some provision of the charter.
Therefore, the government of the City of Phoenix is operated by authority of the powers granted by its charter, as limited by the Legislature. This is in contrast to the operation of the government of cities and towns that do not have charters but operate by the general statutes of the state relating to cities and towns.
An election, as provided for in the new charter, was held on March 19, , with the following results:. George U. Joseph Cope In the presence of Thomas J. Prescott, on April 17, , the new Mayor and the winning four commissioners took their oaths of office. Thus began a third form of government for Phoenix.
The late William Addison Farish, a widely known civil engineer, was selected as the first city manager. City officials appointed by Farish, according to the provisions of the new charter, were the following:. With the advent of statehood, Phoenix, as well as Arizona, had come of age.
The casual, easy growth that characterized a farming community slowly came to a stop. Phoenix began to grow into a young metropolis. At the end of its first eight years under statehood, Phoenix was no longer a town - it was an important city of 29, Two thousand youngsters were attending Phoenix Union High School in They would throw each other into Jack Swilling's first canal, which ran through the campus and had become the "Town Ditch.
Among them was Arizona's first skyscraper, the Heard Building. The pipeline was finished in , but never worked too well. Today, the portion of that redwood that isn't still underground serves to form walls for the houses of the Indians living near Fort McDowell.
By , the size of Phoenix nearly doubled again with a 48, census count. There were miles of sidewalks and miles of streets - 77 with pavement. The public library had 51, books, and the police force had 70 men.
Another pipeline was built - this time constructed with 48 inches of concrete, which still carries Verde River water to us. The year marked another turning point in Phoenix life. The city had gone as far as a farming center and then as a distribution center. When the war hit the United States, Phoenix rapidly turned into an embryonic industrial city. Luke Field, Williams Field and Falcon Field, coupled with the giant ground training center at Hyder, west of Phoenix, brought thousands of men into Phoenix.
Their needs, both military and personal, were met in part by small industries in Phoenix. When the war ended, many of these men returned to Phoenix, and families came with them. Suddenly thousands of people were wondering what to do for a living.
Large industry, learning of this labor pool, started to move branches here. Smaller plants were started by private capital and initiative. Water again began to run out as it had done several times before, but citizens were more fortunate than the Ho Ho Kam who built the first canals and saw them go dry.
Phoenix had the greatness of American technology to fall back on. The era commencing with marked the end of agriculture's role as our chief provider.
It was the beginning of a greater prosperity than Phoenix had ever known. In , , people lived within the city limits of Phoenix and thousands more lived immediately adjacent to and depended upon Phoenix for their livelihoods.
The city had miles of paved streets and miles of unpaved streets, a total of miles of streets within the city limits. The men who, in , changed the governmental system to the council-manager form, had hoped that this would provide better city government.
Their hopes had not been fulfilled, however. A long succession of managers, nearly one-a-year, had indicated that the Council placed political favor above the job of efficiently running a city. In November , the people voted to strengthen the city manager's position in municipal government. This change, plus raising the Council membership to seven, seemed to place the city in position to go ahead with an operable council-manager form of government. But that didn't happen.
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