What is shock therapy




















Create a personalised content profile. Measure ad performance. Select basic ads. Create a personalised ads profile. Select personalised ads. Apply market research to generate audience insights. Measure content performance. Develop and improve products. List of Partners vendors. In economics, shock therapy theorizes that sudden, dramatic changes in national economic policy can turn a state-controlled economy into a free-market economy.

Shock therapy is intended to cure economic maladies—such as hyperinflation , shortages, and other effects of market controls—to jump-start economic production, reduce unemployment, and improve living standards. However, shock therapy can entail a rocky transition while prices increase from their state-controlled levels and people in formerly state-owned companies lose their jobs, creating civil unrest that may lead to forced changes in a country's political leadership.

The term "shock therapy" refers to the concept of figuratively shocking, or shaking up, the economy, with sudden and dramatic economic policies that affect prices and employment. Characteristics of shock therapy include the ending of price controls, the privatization of publicly-owned entities, and trade liberalization.

The opposite of shock therapy, gradualism, indicates a slow and steady transition from a controlled economy to an open economy. Before the ECT procedure, the person is given a general anaesthetic and a muscle relaxant.

Electrodes are placed on one unilateral or both bilateral sides of the scalp and a small electric current is passed between these until a brief generalised seizure occurs. The person does not feel anything due to the anaesthetic, and does not convulse due to the muscle relaxant.

The person wakes up five to 10 minutes after treatment and is usually clear headed within 30 minutes. Often, people do not clearly recall the time around the ECT treatment and, at first, may have little memory about the period of illness around the treatment. Often, memory of these events gradually returns see below for more information on side-effects.

If ECT is done on an outpatient basis, a family member or friend must drive the person home after the procedure driving is not allowed in the 24 hours following an ECT session and stay until he or she goes to sleep that night.

The person should be re-assessed after every session of ECT. Generally, symptoms start to improve after two sessions. It is not understood exactly how ECT works to treat depression and the outcomes may vary from person to person. The greatest risk with ECT is associated with the anaesthetic, which has a very small risk of death often quoted as one in , Like any procedure involving an anaesthetic, ECT involves this small amount of risk, but overall, it is regarded as a very safe treatment.

Despite the myths about ECT causing brain damage, MRI studies have shown that it does not change the brain anatomy in any way, as the strength of the electrical current is too low to harm brain tissue. Some people who have undergone ECT recommend writing down passwords, PINs, phone numbers and special dates, and keeping them in a safe place in case they cannot be recalled in the period after the treatment. A common and significant side-effect is difficulties with memory — this is reported by at least one in three people 1 who have ECT.

This content does not have an Arabic version. Overview Electroconvulsive therapy ECT is a procedure, done under general anesthesia, in which small electric currents are passed through the brain, intentionally triggering a brief seizure.

Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic. Share on: Facebook Twitter. Show references What is electroconvulsive therapy ECT? American Psychiatric Association. Accessed Aug. National Alliance on Mental Illness. Brain stimulation therapies. National Institute of Mental Health.

Kellner C. Overview of electroconvulsive therapy ECT for adults. Technique for performing electroconvulsive therapy ECT in adults. Electroconvulsive therapy ECT. Rochester, Minn. Guidance on the use of electroconvulsive therapy. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Kolar D. The patient is asleep for the procedure and awakens after minutes, much as from minor surgery. Most insurance plans offering coverage for psychiatric disorders at least partially reimburse the cost of ECT.

Like any medical procedure, ECT is has some risks. ECT treatment has been associated with short-term memory loss and difficulty learning. Some people have trouble remembering events that occurred in the weeks before the treatment or earlier. In most cases, memory problems improve within a couple of months. Some patients may experience longer lasting problems, including permanent gaps in memory. The risks of general anesthesia, which is needed for ECT, are similar to the risks when anesthesia is used for other procedures such as minor surgeries.

The most common side effects of ECT on the day of treatment include nausea, headache, fatigue, confusion, and slight memory loss, which may last minutes to hours. These risks must be balanced with the consequences of ineffectively treated severe psychiatric disorders. For some patients, the risks of ECT may be less than those of ongoing treatment with medications. ECT can work more quickly than medications.



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